Shubash Chandra Bose A Biography

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Born: January 23, 1897 Died: August 18, 1945 Achievements: Passed Indian Civil Services Exam; elected Congress President in 1938 and 1939; formed a new party All India Forward block; organized Azad Hind Fauj to overthrow British Empire from India. Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses. Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda's teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921 After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji's instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress' hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged. Subash Chandra Bose was soon arrested again under the infamous Bengal Regulation. After an year he was released on medical grounds and was banished from India to Europe. He took steps to establish centres in different European capitals with a view to promoting politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and jailed for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block. Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that "an enemy's enemy is a friend", he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany. In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it lliberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944. However, defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945. Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash not much information could be found about him. 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Bidis (pronounced bee-dees) are thin unfiltered cigarettes hand-wrapped in brown
leaves and tied with short pieces of thread. School kids under 18 buy them because they are
cheaper than the cost of regular cigarettes and come in a variety of flavors including
root beer, orange, lemon-lime and strawberry. Teens might ask, "If they come in all
these cool flavors then how could they be harmful?" Well, Bidis have two to three times
more nicotine than regular cigarettes! And 44 percent of teens that smoke Bidis smoke
them because they think it isn't addictive or dangerous to their health. Because Bidis
deliver greater doses of nicotine to the bloodstream, they are far more addictive than
cigarettes. Also, Bidis, like cigarettes cause health issues such as cancer, heart disease,
high blood pressure, and many other serious health problems.

1. Drugs mess with your mind
Drug use can cause you to lose your ability to remember things, to think clearly and to
study properly. Drug use gives you the impression that you are more alert and
aware, but under the influence of drugs you are actually less aware, and less alert.
Drug use can also cause people to act in strange unpredictable ways. A person can
undergo a complete personality change when under the influence of drugs. Since
drug residues can remain in the body for many years after they were taken, the
effect on the mind can last a long time. Don't lose your mind! Avoid drugs.
2. Drugs mess with your body
Drug use can make you ill and an overdose can kill. Drugs are poisons after all. The list
of diseases you can catch as a result of using drugs is very long and includes
Hepatitis C, HIV and AIDS. Since drugs also use up your body's supply of vitamins
and minerals, you become more prone to diseases. Many drug users suffer
from malnutrition as a result of their habit. Why be a loser? Stay healthy!
3. Drugs mess with your wallet
Drug use interferes with your ability, which can make it harder to earn money. In the long
run, the more competent a person is in a job, the more likely that such a person
will earn a higher salary. However a person under the influence of drugs is quite
likely to make expensive mistakes and be incompetent. That is unemployment
waiting to happen.
Also, a drug habit can be REALLY expensive (up to hundreds of pounds per day!) and
this is why many addicts are forced into crime. Don't waste your money. Drugs are
the ultimate betrayer - you pay big money to destroy yourself.
4. Drugs mess with your travel plans
Anyone convicted of drugs offences will not be allowed entrance into some countries
such as Japan, Canada and USA.
Why lose exciting opportunities to travel?
Why limit your options as to where you want to work & live?
Many people like to work abroad, particularly in the USA, for a time during their career.
This would be impossible with a criminal record.
5. Drugs mess with your life
Drug use that seems a "cool" idea in the beginning can turn into a living nightmare that
includes accidents, hospitalisation, a life of crime, a criminal record, hurting those
you love, destroyed relationships, a prison sentence and death. Drug users often lose
their enthusiasm for life, give up sports and hobbies etc, in their fixation on the
next score for their habit. Taking drugs definitely gives you a new lifestyle, but it is
the lifestyle of a sad loser with no prospects.
6. Drugs mess with the planet
Many drugs are grown in Third World countries. The drug barons involved cut down
forests for space to grow the drugs, thus destroying the natural habitat for thousands
of creatures and upsetting the ecological balance.
It is true that natural forests are cut down for constructive reasons by legitimate
companies, but there are laws in place which compel those companies to plant new
forest as replacements. Drug criminals, needless to say, ignore these and all other
laws. Buying and taking drugs encourages more natural forest to be destroyed.
7. Drugs mess with society
Criminals manufacture and sell drugs. They do not care what effects the drugs have on
their victims; they are only interested in the money. These criminals terrorise
ordinary people and society, using violence against anyone who tries to stop them.
These criminals establish a social environment where there is no respect for law &
order, only respect for violence. This generates fear, suspicion and misery in our
communities. This destabilises society and could lead to its disintegration.
Buying and taking drugs supports this criminal infrastructure.
8. Drugs mess with your love life and fertility.
There is evidence that abuse of drugs can lead to impotence in males. Certainly, abuse of
drugs in females can affect unborn children, with the babies of drug addicts far
more likely to be underweight and to suffer from birth complications.
The damage that drug use can do to one's physical appearance is very obvious.
9. Drugs mess with your hopes and dreams.
Drug addicts, when craving their next fix, often do not care about anything other than the
immediate high demanded. All other considerations, every aspect of normal
human behaviour are ignored in this compulsion. Everyone has hopes and dreams
for the future, but for addicts those hopes and dreams only focus down to where the
next score is coming from. Hopes and dreams for the future? Only despair and
nightmare for addicts.

It can be difficult to say no to alcohol for anyone, but it is especially difficult for those who are quitting or cutting down on alcohol. You can avoid places where drinks are served, but eventually, you will be offered a drink by someone you don't want to explain your alcohol problem to. The best ways to say no are casual, polite responses to an offer, which provide an excuse that can't be argued with. Here are my five top phrases for refusing alcohol.
1. I'm Driving
This is the ultimate excuse. Some people who are quitting alcohol volunteer to be the
designated driver for precisely this reason -- they want to spend time with friends,
but don't want to drink. This response is also great role modelling for others, and
adds to the climate of acceptability of staying sober behind the wheel. Anyone who
pressurizes you to drink after you giving this response isn't worth listening to.
2. No Thanks, I've Just Finished One
What I like about this response is that is so lacking in value judgements about drinking
that no-one can accuse you of being uptight or preachy. How you feel after a drink
is an individual matter, and if you don't want another drink instantly, all it implies is
good personal boundaries around your own comfort. It also shows you are not a
compulsive drinker, and sets the tone for others to pace their drinking too. Yet the
implication is that you might have had a drink if you felt like one, so this works
well for the type of people who tease and berate those in recovery -- the kind of
companions you may not want as friends, but are sometimes unavoidable in a
social situation.
3. I've Had My Limit For Tonight
This is the best response if you regularly drink with the same people, want to control your
drinking, and have set a limit based on your blood alcohol concentration. Others
will learn over time that you will drink only a certain number of drinks within a
certain amount of time, so they can enjoy sharing a drink with you within those
limits. Controlled drinking is a goal for many people with alcohol problems.
4. I Want to Keep a Clear Head
Variations on this response are, "No thanks, I've got work tomorrow," "No thanks, I've
got an early start in the morning," or "No thanks, I don't want a hangover." This is a
great way of letting people know that alcohol does not rule your life, nor will you
let it interfere with your day to day functioning. Keeping a clear head may not be
important to all drinkers, but it should be to you.
5. I Don't Drink
This response take the most courage, and is the most subject to demands for an
explanation. You may have to put up with being asked if you have a drink problem,
you may have your masculinity or sense of fun challenged, or you may be informed
that, "You can have one drink." But it is the all-round best response for anyone who
is serious about recovery from alcoholism, or who wants to put an end to the
nonsense of peer pressure to drink alcohol.

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